Furthermore, simulation ranging from 250 to 1200 nm wavelength has been conducted to find out the most suitable wavelength required for designing ARC in solar cell. In this research, the impact without ARC and with six types of ARCs such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), silicon dioxide (SiO 2), silicon nitride (Si 3N 4) and silicon carbide (SiC) has been investigated separately for crystalline silicon solar cell. Thus, to overcome all these issues and to perform a systematic study the main goal of this work is to simulate different types of ARCs and find out the suitable ARC for crystalline silicon solar cell. However, no reports were found showing the suitable wavelength for designing ARC and utilizing the concept of surface passivation upon ARC.
The vast majority of ARC simulation studies indicate generally two or three single-layer ARC upon silicon solar cell with 3–13% efficiency. Also, depending upon availability PC1D version 5.9 has been used to simulate solar cell with different types of ARC layers.
#Solar cell efficiency pc1d software
On the other hand, PC1D is the most commercially available software used by many companies and universities. However, MATLAB software does not provide rigorous options of solar cell. From these researches, it indicates that MATLAB, PC1D, Silvaco ATLAS are used to simulate ARC of solar cell. performed simulation using MATLAB to see the effects of ARC on silicon substrate. reported 6.7% efficient solar cell with Si 3N 4 and SiO 2 ARC upon crystalline silicon wafers. simulated GaAs solar cell and showed that optimum short-circuit current can be found using ZnO and MnO ARC with 65 nm and 80 nm thicknesses, respectively. simulated 18% and 19% efficient silicon solar cell with, respectively. Also, the efficiencies of 13.37% and 13.59% are shown using ZnO/TiO 2 and SiO 2/TiO 2 double-layer ARC, respectively. found 10.78%, 11.7% and 11.89% efficiency using TiO 2, ZnO and Si 3N 4 single-layer ARC, respectively, upon silicon solar cell. Although same software was used in all their works, however, different ARCs and materials have been used by them. , there were reports on simulation work using PC1D. used the similar tool and using double-layer SiO 2/Si 3N 4 anti-reflection coating the simulated solar cell exhibited an efficiency of 4.56%. used Silvaco ATLAS to simulate silicon solar cell and obtained 4.72% efficient solar cell using 5 nm SiO 2 coating. In the simulation study of ARC, Abdullah et al.
Moreover, theoretical investigations can be observed and studied in depth. This is because through simulation, parameters can be defined and changed, similar environment can be considered in all cases, and selection of materials can be done quite easily. Therefore, researchers are now giving importance in doing simulation before actual fabrication. Little change in any aspect of ARC fabrication is challenging and costly. Moreover, designing ARC is a difficult task because of having so many options in parameters and materials. Thus, comparing different works is really a challenge and result cannot be always conclusive. used a 5 × 5 cm 2 wafer and Swatowska et al. However, in all cases the wafer size, fabrication process and the condition were different. It thus turns out that ZnO would be an appropriate choice among those different ARCs. fabricated 15.55% and 16.03% efficient crystalline silicon solar using TiO 2 and ZnO, respectively. found an efficiency of 9.84% for a crystalline silicon solar cell without any ARC, and efficiencies of 14% and 14.25% are obtained using TiO 2 and Si 3N 4, respectively. used TiO 2 on crystalline silicon solar cell and found an increased efficiency of 14.26%, whereas without TiO 2 the efficiency is limited to 11.24%. In the experimental study of ARC, Hocine et al. Since the fabrication of solar cell, many researchers used different ARCs, and still searching for a suitable ARC which can be used to improve the efficiency of solar cell. Anti-reflection coating reduces reflection by using the concept of phase changes in light and the dependence of the reflectivity on refractive index. To reduce the optical loss, anti-reflection coating (ARC) plays a pivotal role in reducing reflection thus increasing the conversion efficiency of solar cells. So, the reduction in optical loss can have a huge positive impact on the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. In general, the optical losses account for about 7% efficiency loss in crystalline silicon solar cells. One of the important issues of modern photovoltaic science is the optical losses in solar cell.
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